It is believed that the North Indian Plains are made up of deposits brought by rivers.
Northern Plains of India are divided on the basis of geomorphological features and region.
Division of Northern Plains of India on the basis of Geomorphological Features:
a.Bhabar
b.Tarai
c.Bhangar
d.Khadar
Division of Northern Plains of India on the basis of Region:
a.Rajasthan Plains
b.Punjab and Haryana Plains
c.Ganga Plains
d.Bramhaputra Plains
Now let's discuss the division of the northern plains of India on the basis of the Geomorphological features.
Bhabar:
Due to the high speed of the river at this place, there are big particles. Here the particle size is large, so the porosity is also high.
Here the water-resisting capacity is less. So when the river flows through this part, it seems that it has disappeared but it continues to flow under the stones.
Terai:
The size of the particle is small in the Terai region. In this region, the porosity is low and the water-resisting capacity is high, so the river starts appearing at this place.
There is swamp and biodiversity is also found here.
Bhangar:
Old Alluvial soil is found in the Bhangar region.
Khadar:
New Alluvial soil is found in Khadar region.
Now we discuss the division of the northern plains of India on the basis of Region.
Rajasthan Plains:
Rajasthan Plains is in the westernmost part of the Northern Plains of India. These plains cover the western part of Rajasthan.
The Thar Desert This is the westernmost part of the Rajasthan Plains. The Aravalli mountain divides the Rajashthan plains into two parts.
To the west of the Aravalli Mountains, there are Arid and Semi-Arid places.
To the east of the Aravallis is the fertile plain i.e. Jaipur and Udaipur plains. Luni is the only river that flows through this area.
The inland drainage basin north of the Luni river is the source of its salt and other reservoirs.
Sambhar, Didwana, Kuchwana, Sargol and Khatu are main lakes in the Rajashthan.
Punjab and Haryana Plains:
Punjab and Haryana Plains are spread around 640 km Northeast to Southeast and they cover approximately 1.75 lakh km area.
The Punjab and Haryana plains are drained by 5 rivers and the area between the two rivers is called Doab.
These Doabs are as follows -
1.Sindh Sagar Doab - is between Jhelum and Indus River
2.Jech Doab - is between Jhelum and Chenab River
3.Rechna Doab - is between Chenab and Ravi River
4.Bari Doab - is between Ravi and Beas River
5.Bist Doab - is between Beas and Sutlej River
The broad flood plains formed due to the deposition of older alluvial soil, it is also known as the khadar plain. These plains are also known as Dhaya in Punjab locally.
The northern part of the Punjab and Haryana plains adjoining the Shivalik hills are heavily eroded by numerous streams called chhos.
Ganga Plains:
The Ganga Plains is the largest of all the plains and extends from Delhi to Kolkata.
The Ganges and its tributaries bring a lot of alluvial with them. Peninsular rivers like Chambal, Betwa, Ken, Son, etc.. join the Ganga River and contribute to the formation of the plains.
The general slope of the Ganga plains is from east to southeast. Through these areas, the river flows slowly and this leads to the formation of levees, bluffs, oxbow lakes, marshes, tals, ravines, etc...
In these plain areas, the river keeps changing its course, so the chances of flooding in these areas are high.
Kosi river brings flood in Bihar, hence it is also called Sorrow of Bihar.
Regional Division of Ganga Plain:
1.Rohilkhand Plains
2.Avadh Plains
3.Mithila Plains
4.Magadh Plains
Bramhaputra Plains:
We also call the Brahmaputra Plains as the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam Valley, or the plains of Assam.
The western boundary of this plain forms the Indo-Bangladesh border and forms the Lower Ganga Plains.
The eastern boundary of these plains forms the Purvanchal Hills. It is a plain formed by the deposition of Brahmaputra and its tributaries.
The tributaries of the Brahmaputra river coming from the north branch out in many channels that leads to the formation of river meanderings leading to the formation of the bill and oxbow lakes.
There are large marshy tracts in this area. The alluvial fans formed by the course alluvial debris have to lead to the formation of terai and semi-terai regions.
Significance of Northern Plains of India:
1.They provide us fertile alluvial soil.
2.These plains are the granaries of India.
3.These plains have good transportation facilities thus leads to large-scale industrialization of the region.
4.High employment opportunities are there, there the population density is high in this region.
5.It has great economic and social significance.
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