In this article, we discuss the second Carnatic war and also discuss its result and the second Carnatic war ended with which treaty.
The Mughal Empire was at its peak during the time of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. The whole country was ruled by the Mughals.
To run such a large country, he had appointed his governors in many provinces. The areas around these provinces were called Subah. These Subahs used to be governors or deputy governors.
He used to report to the governors of the provinces. But Aurangzeb died in 1707 and the Mughal Empire weakened.
Seeing the weakening of the Mughal Empire, the governors of many provinces declared themselves as the Nizams of those provinces. Such states are also called successor states.
One such Successor state was Hyderabad. The governor here declared himself the Nizam in 1774 and took the title Nijam ul Mulk Asaf Jah I.
In the Subahs around Hyderabad, Deputy Governors were appointed during the Mughal period. He used to report to Asaf Jah I and one such Subah was in Carnatic.
At that time the Deputy Governor of Carnatic was Mohammad Sayyed. Asaf Jah I made him the Nawab of Carnatic and given the title Saadatullah Khan I.
In this way, the Asaf Jah Dynasty was started in Hyderabad and the Nawayath Dynasty was started in Carnatic.
Saddatullah Khan I had no son, so he adopted Dost Ali, the son of his brother Ghulam Ali Khan.
When Dost Ali grew up, he became the Nawab of Carnatic in 1732 after the death of Sadatullah Khan I.
Dost Ali's son was Safdar Ali Khan and Dost Ali's son-in-law was Chanda Saheb. After the death of Dost Ali, Safdar Ali became the Nawab of Carnatic. But after 2 years he was assassinated in 1742.
Therefore, Chanda Saheb could not be made the Nawab. In such a situation, Nizam of Hyderabad Asaf Jah I intervened.
Asaf Jah I made the son of Safdar Ali Khan the Nawab of Carnatic and gave the title Sadatullah Khan II.
Simultaneously, Asaf Jah I declared Anwaruddin as the representative of Carnatic Until Saddatullah Khan II grew up. But after 2 years he was assassinated.
With this, the Nawayath dynasty of the Nawab of Carnatic came to an end. Now there was no option left, so now Anwaruddin was made the Nawab of Carnatic.
During the First Carnatic War, a small contingent of the French East India Company defeated 10,000 soldiers of Anwaruddin. This battle is also called the Battle of Adyar or the Battle of Santhome.
Chanda Saheb was released from the captivity of the Maratha, but when he came to know that Anwaruddin had become the Nawab of Carnatic, his senses were blown away.
Chanda Saheb somehow wanted to replace Anwaruddin and become the Nawab of Carnatic, because he was the only heir of the Nawayath dynasty.
Chanda Sahib joined hands with Anwaruddin's enemy Governor Duplex of the French East India Company.
Asaf Jah I died in June 1748. Now the seat of Nizam is empty in Hyderabad. There were two contenders for this seat, which were Nasir Jung and Muzaffar Jung.
Muzaffar Jung was the grandson of Asaf Jah I. Nasir Jung was the son of Asaf Jah I. According to the law, Nasir Jung should have become the Nizam only, but Nasir Jung tried to assassinate Asaf Jah in 1741.
That's why Asaf Jah chose Muzzaffar Jung as his successor. But Nasir Jung himself wanted to become the Nizam.
Anwaruddin Nizam of Hyderabad also supported Nasir Jung. Anwaruddin and Nasir Jung had become one side.
Chanda sahib came along with Muzzaffar Jung. Both of them had also taken the French East India Company on their side.
On the other hand, Nasir Jung and Anwaruddin took the British East India Company on their side.
In the year 1748, Muzzafar Jung and the team started moving towards Arcot, the capital of the Carnatic. Anwaruddin knew that if this team reached Arcot, then he would not be able to save Arcot.
So Anwaruddin reached Ambur with full preparation so that he could stop Muzaffar Jung and his team on the way. Here a very dangerous battle took place, which was named Battle of Ambur 1748.
With this battle, the Second Carnatic War started. Anwaruddin was killed in the Battle of Ambur and after this Chanda Saheb became the next Nawab of the Carnatic.
The most important role in making Chanda Saheb the Nawab was that of the French East India Company. The most important role in making Chanda Saheb the Nawab was that of the French East India Company.
Anwaruddin had a son named Wallahjah. Nasir Jung and the British East India Company assured that he was with Vallahajah and that Anwaruddin's death would be avenged. This is how Wallahjah entered the British team.
After that in both these teams, there were two battles in Tiruvedi in 1750, which is named the Battle of Tiruvadi. In both these battles, the French East India Company won.
Vallahjah panicked and fled and hide in Gingee's fort. Gingee is a place in the Carnatic region which is about 80 km away from Arcot.
The specialty of Gingee's fort was that it could not be easily captured. Its walls were quite high, about 13 Km to 14 Km. It was spread over 3 mountains.
The French team laid siege to this fort and attacked this fort on the night of 11 September 1750.
The French army captured this fort in just one night. After this, both the British East India Company and Nasir Jung reached for the help of Wallahjah.
This was followed by the Battle of Gingee in 1750. The French East India Company won once again in the Battle of Gingee.
In the meantime, Duplex was successful in getting a special person from Nasir Jung on his side. After this, on 16 December 1750, Nasir Jung was killed by his man.
Muzzafar Jung benefited the most from this and he was made the official Nawab of Hyderabad in December 1750.
In return, Muzzafar Jung gave the Famous town of Masulipatnam to the French East India Company.
In addition, he gave 5 lakh rupees to the French East India Company, 5 lakh rupees to the Troops, and 20 lakhs separately to Duplex. Apart from this, Duplex was also made the governor of the Mughal Dominion from Krishna to Kanyakumari.
The French East India Company was being worried about where it went to Wallahajah. After the Battle of Gingee, there was no trace of Wallahjah.
Because if he had left Wallahjah alive, he could have become a threat to Chanda Sahib at some point or the other.
Then it came to know that Wallahjah is hiding in the fort of Trichinopoly. The French team was preparing to go to Trichinopoly.
But then the news comes that Muzzafar Jung was killed in the Battle of Lakkireddypally against the Afghans. With this the seat of the Nizam of Hyderabad became vacant.
Now the French East India Company made Salabat Jung the Nizam of Hyderabad. Salabat Jung was the son of Asaf Jah I and Nasir Jung's younger brother.
Salabat Jung was buried under the authority of the French East India Company, so he gave the entire Northern Sarkars to them.
The 4 districts of Andhra Pradesh are called Northern Sarkars. They are Mustafanagar, Ellore, Rajahmundry, and Chicalore.
The French team besieged the fort of Trichinopoly in 1751. Vallahajah and the British Army were completely trapped at Trichinopoli Fort.
Robert Clive was working as a captain in the British East India Company at that time. He escaped by dodging the French team and reached Fort St. David.
All the officers of the British East India Company were thinking about how to stop this situation but they had no way.
The strength of the French East India Company was at its peak in the Carnatic and the Deccan, the British East India Company was continuously losing.
Robert Cleve put a plan in front of the officers of the East India Company. Chanda Sahib had put his entire army in the siege of Trichinopoly.
Robert Cleve decides that he capture the Arcot. Cleve attacked and captured Arcot with only 500 soldiers.
After that, the British team attacked the French team in Trichinopoli as well. Finally, in 1752 the siege of Trichinopoly Fort ended and the French team had to surrender.
Chanda Saheb escaped from him and reached his hometown Tanjore. In Tanjore, Chanda Sahib was captured and killed by Marathas. Now, Wallahajah was made the Nawab of Carnatic.
After this Dupleix attacked Fort st. David in 1752. But the British East India Company blocked this attack.
Robert Clive of the East India Company captured both the French forts at Covelong and Chinlepet in late 1752.
In response, the French East India Company's Governer Duplex also attacked in 1753 on British east india company and 3 battle of trichinopoly took place.
The French team was defeated and the British East India Company also captured the French commander M Astruc.
The French government brought Dupleix back to France and sent a new governor to India, M. Godehue.
Godehue was ordered that as soon as he went to India, he negotiated with the British East India Company and stopped the war.
In January 1755, a conditional peace agreement was signed between the British East India Company and the French East India Company.
This conditional peace agreement is called the Treaty of Pondicherry and thus ended the Second Carnatic War. Means second carnatic war ended with the treaty of pondicherry.
If you like this article about Second Carnatic War, consider sharing this article with friends.
