In this article, we discuss the First Anglo Maratha war and its consequences for various competitive exams such as UPSC, SSC, etc…
The Anglo Maratha War was fought between the Britishers and the Marathas.
Peshwa Bajirao has three children, his name was Balaji Bajirao, Raghunath Rao, and Shamsher.
Peshwa Bajirao had a brother, his name was Chimaji Appa. Chimaji Appa had a son, his name was Shadashivrao Bhau.
Bajirao died in 1740. Then Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj made Balaji Bajirao the eldest son of Balaji Bajirao as Peshwa in August 1740.
In January 1761, the Third Battle of Panipat took place in which Maratha’s was defeated.
Balaji Bajirao was the Peshwa of that time and his brother Shamsher, Sahadshivrao, many Maratha chiefs were also killed in this battle. He also died after 6 months of this battle.
Raghunath Rao, brother of Peshwa Balaji Bajirao, felt that now he would be made Peshwa but his son Madhav Rao became the next Peshwa.
Peshwa Madhavrao became Peshwa at a very young age. He became a Peshwa at the age of 16. Despite his young age, he was administering very well.
Peshwa Madhavrao very quickly recovered the losses in the third battle of Panipat. All Maratha chiefs were very powerful.
But Peshwa Madhavrao's uncle Raghunath Rao wants to be a Peshwa. He continuously making planning and plotting.
So control him Peshwa Madhavrao places Raghunath Rao under house arrest in Shaniwarwada.
Peshwa Madhavrao died in 1772. After this, his brother Raghunath Rao was made Peshwa.
After he became Peshwa, Raghunath Rao was released out of house arrest.
In 1773, Peshwa Madhavrao died in the conspiracy. After this Raghunath Rao declared himself Peshwa. A few months after the death of Peshwa Madhavrao, his wife gave birth to a child.
Now it was said that the son of Peshwa Madhavrao should become Peshwa legally. In the end, Sawai Madhavrao means Peshwa Madhavrao's son was declared as a Peshwa.
He was just 40 days old when became the Peshwa. Now Raghunath Raw met the Bombay Council of the British East India Company and asked for help.
Raghunath Rao wanted the British East India Company to help him in making Peshwa. In return, Raghunath Rao gave Salsette and Bassein to the British East India Company.
Raghunath Rao also agreed to share revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts. The British East India Company gave 2500 Soldiers to Raghunath Rao. We also call it the Treaty of Surat 1775.
A copy of this treaty was sent to the British Calcutta council. Thus the Anglo Maratha War started in March 1775.
The condition of the British East India Company deteriorated in this war. On the other hand, Warren Hastings of the British East India Company in Calcutta rejected this treaty.
Warren Hastings sent instructions to the Bombay Council to stop this war immediately. Warren Hastings also sent a message to the Marathas that you too stop, we sign a friendly treaty with you.
In this way, in 1776 the Treaty of Purandar was signed between the Britishers and the Marathas. In this treaty, the British recognized Sawai Madhavrao as Peshwa. The Britishers also said that we will return the Maratha territory we have acquired in this war.
The Britishers also said that they would not join hands with any enemy of the Maratha's.
It is also said that in this treaty if Raghunath Rao is ready to disband his army, the Peshwa can give him a pension.
The Britishers talked to the Marathas about Salsette but the Marathas did not give Salsette but said that take any territory worth up to 3 lakh Rs.
The Marathas signed a treaty with the French East India Company in 1777 to be more stronger against the British East India Company.
In this treaty, Marathas were supposed to get 2500 European Soldiers and 10000 Indian soldiers were to be trained on European lines.
In return, Marathas gave a port on the West Coast to the French East India Company.
The British East India Company did not like this and attacked Marathas. The Marathas completely surrounded the soldiers of the British East India Company in the Talgaon and finally, the Britishers had to surrender in 1779.
Here the Treaty for wadgaon was signed between the British East India Company and the Marathas. In this treaty, the Britishers had to return all the captured territories of the Marathas. But Warren Hastings refused to accept this treaty.
After this, Warren Hastings again attacked the Maratha and captured a lot of reasons, and finally, the First Anglo Maratha war ended the treaty of Salbai.
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