In this article, we discuss the Second Anglo Mysore War for various competitive exams such as UPSC, SSC, etc...
The Second Anglo Mysore War started in 1780 and lasted till 1784. The First Anglo Mysore War lasted from 1766 to 1769, at the end of which the Treaty of Madras was signed.
Both Mysore and the British East India Company signed the Treaty of Madras together. In this treaty, it was said that if someone is attacked in the future, then both will give military support to each other.
But when the Marathas attacked Mysore in 1771, the British East India Company refused to help.
The Maratha's captured the territories of Mysore and in the end, Hyder Ali had to pay 36 lakh rupees to the Maratha's as a peace treaty.
Hyder Ali was very angry with the British East India Company because they did not help him despite the Treaty of Madras.
Apart from this, the British East India Company also attacked Mahe, the territory of Mysore. Due to these two reasons, the Second Anglo Mysore War happened.
Hyder Ali gave the port of Mahe to the French East India Company and he also deployed his troops for its protection.
At that time revolution was going on in America against the Britishers. It is also called American War of Independence. This revolution started in 1775 and ended in 1783. In this revolution, France was supporting America against Britain.
In 1778, France fully recognized the United States and signed the Treaty of Alliance with them. Because of this, military conflicts started in Britain and France.
Due to this tension was increasing in India between the British East India Company and the French East India Company.
After this, the British East India Company started attacking the possessions of the French East India Company. Mahé was also one of the French territories that were attacked.
Here Hyder Ali had also started preparing for the war. Hyder Ali took the Maratha's and the Nizam of Hyderabad on his side against the British East India Company.
The Maratha's were supporting because the First Anglo Maratha War had started in 1775. The Nizams of Hyderabad were supporting because the British East India Company had captured the Northern Circars without their permission.
Apart from this, Hyder Ali had promised the Nizam of Hyderabad that the enemy of the Nizam and the Nawab of Arcot, Wallahajah would be attacked and the Nizam will be given his share in the captured territories.
Hyder Ali besieged Arcot in July 1780. When Wallahajah, the Nawab of Arcot, came to know about this, he sought help from the British East India Company.
The British East India Company formed a Contingent to help Wallahajah under the leadership of Hector Munro.
The second contingent was formed in Guntur under the leadership of Colonel William Bailey, which was part of Northern Circars.
The plan was that both the Troops would meet at canjeevaram and then attack Hyder Ali's army together.
Hyder Ali's son Tipu stopped Colonel William Baillie before he could reach Canjeevaram and took place at the Battle of Pollilur in 1780.
The British army lost here and Colonel William Baillie surrendered. Hyder Ali attacked Hector Munro's army. Here Hector Munro's army had to run away and he ran back to Madras.
Hyder Ali went back and strengthened the siege of Arcot. Then it came to know that the British Army has started capturing the Malabar region of Mysore.
Arcot was far away from Malabar, so Tipu went towards Malabar. Meanwhile, a large army was sent to Madras by a British East India company under the leadership of Sir Eyre Coote from Bengal.
Sir Eyre Coote, with the help of his diplomatic skills, separated the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad from Hyder Ali.
After that in 1781, there were many simple battles between Hyder Ali and Sir Eyre Coote.
Sir Yeri Koot defeated Hyder Ali in the Battle of Porto Novo, Battle of Pollilur, and Battle of Sholinghur.
Hyder Ali died because of cancer in December 1782. The Sultan of Mysore had now become Tipu.
A year later, there was a defeat between Tipu and the British East India Company. Finally, in 1784, a peace treaty was signed between Mysore and the British East India Company, which is called the Treaty of Mangalore.
According to this treaty, whatever the two sides had taken each other's territories, they had to return.
In this way, the Second Anglo-Mysore war ended with the Treaty of Mangalore.
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