In this article, we discuss the second Anglo Maratha war and its treaty for various competitive exams such as UPSC, SSC, etc...
The Second Anglo-Maratha War lasted from 1803 to 1805. The Third Battle of Panipat took place in January 1761.
In this battle, Maratha was defeated and Peshwa Balaji Bajirao's son Vishwas Rao, Brother Shamsherand Sadashivrao Bhau, and several Maratha Chiefs were killed.
After 6 months of this battle, Peshwa Balaji Bajirao died and Madhavrao, who became the new Peshwa, also died in 1772.
After him Narayan Rao became Peshwa but in 1773 he also died in a conspiracy. After that Peshwa Balaji Bajirao's brother Raghunath Rao became Peshwa for some time but a few days later Narayan Rao's son was born.
So next Peshwa became the Peshwa Narayan Rao's sons Sawai Madhavrao. But when he turned 21 in 1795, he also died.
Raghunath Rao had 3 sons, Bajirao II, Chimaji Rao II and Amrit Rao. He had adopted Amrit Rao. Now become the next Peshwa Bajirao II.
Yashwant Rao Holkar defeated the combined armies of the Peshwa and Scindia decisively at Hadapsar near Poona. Terrified Bajirao II fled to Bassein.
In Pune, Jaswantrao Holkar made his man Vinayakrao a Peshwa. Vinayak Rao was the son of Amrit Rao.
Bajirao II wanted to become Peshwa again and hence he sought help from the British East India Company.
The treaty that took place between these two, we call it the Treaty of Bassein 1802.
According to this treaty, Bajirao was to give Surat to the British East India Company. Marathas will not have any rights to claim Chauth on Nizam's Dominion. The Nizam had already signed a subsidiary alliance with the British East India Company.
In return, the British East India Company was giving 6000 troops to Bajirao II. Bajirao II was to give a territory up to 26 lakh rupees to the British East India Company.
According to this treaty, all foreign policies of the Marathas will be handled by the British East India Company.
Marathas will not give employment in any post to the people of European countries with which the Britishers are at war.
Bajirao II again became a Peshwa on 13 May 1803 under the protection of the British East India Company.
But no Maratha chief was ready to accept this treaty and this became the reason for the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
Scindia and Bhonsle attacked the British East India Company but they were unsuccessful. The Britishers signed different treaties to separate all the Marthas like Treaty of Surajianjangaon, 1803 with Scindia, and Treaty of Devgaon, 1803 with Bhosle.
In 1804, the Holkars also attacked the British East India Company, but they were also unsuccessful and in 1806, the Treaty of Rajpurghat was signed with him.
In this way, by 1805, the Second Anglo Mysore War was completely over.
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